PCOS, aka Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, is the most common hormonal disorder in women*. It is a syndrome meaning there is a collection of different signs and symptoms of the disorder, but it can look very different from person to person. The 3 main characteristics include:
- Hyperandrogenism, meaning increased levels of sex hormones, in particular testosterone. This can be diagnosed through blood tests or through clinical symptoms such as acne and excess facial or body hair
- Irregular periods, meaning ovaries do not regularly release an egg
- Polycystic ovaries. Ovaries contain many follicles surrounding the eggs.
The presence of 2 out of the 3 from the above are needed for a diagnosis.
The cause of PCOS is largely unknown, however several genetic and environmental factors are likely to play a part. Therefore, it is unlikely that one approach will cure the condition. A collaborative approach is often needed to manage the syndrome. Treatments such as medications, stress-management, nutrition and exercise have shown to be effective in managing the condition.
PCOS can have a big impact on a person’s life. Through symptoms of increased testosterone; possible fertility struggles; and an increased risk of long term metabolic consequences, such as type 2 diabetes and heart disease. The disorder can have a huge impact on your mental health and contribute to anxiety, depression, body image struggles and eating disorders. People with PCOS deserve support to manage their condition.
If you suspect you may have PCOS, the first step is going to your GP to get a diagnosis. Self-diagnosis is not recommended, as a number of the symptoms above may be due to other health conditions.
*A note on gender. We recognise that not all people with PCOS are women.
References:
NICE guidelines (revised in July 2023). Available at: https://cks.nice.org.uk/topics/polycystic-ovary-syndrome/
Monash PCOS guidelines (2018). This International evidence-based guideline for the assessment and management of polycystic ovary syndrome. Available at: https://www.monash.edu/medicine/mchri/pcos/guideline